“Mixing” is a general term that includes beating, blending, binding, creaming, whipping, and folding. In mixing, two or more ingredients are evenly dispersed in one another until they become one product. Read more »

White flour is one of the more difficult ingredients to measure accurately by volume, because its tiny particles not only vary in shape and size, but also have a tendency to pack. In addition, the various white flours differ in density, ranging from 100 grams per cup in cake flour to approximately 150 grams per cup in all-purpose flour. This influences the number of cups obtained from various flours of the same weight. Although there is no standard weight for a cup of flour, 1 pound of all-purpose flour averages 4 cups. Read more »